BALAGHAH AL-BAYAN DALAM HADIS: PENDEKATAN LINGUISTIK BAGI PEMAHAMAN DAN ISTINBAT HUKUM

Abstract

This article examines the role of bal?ghah al-bay?n in understanding Prophetic hadith and deriving legal-ethical judgments from it. The study responds to a recurring methodological problem: hadith is often read either through transmission criticism alone or through a literal linguistic approach that neglects rhetorical structure, communicative context, and the movement from utterance to norm. Using qualitative library research, the article combines thematic content analysis, rhetorical analysis, pragmatic reading, and contextual legal interpretation. Primary data consist of selected hadiths employing simile, metaphor, figurative expression, ellipsis, command, prohibition, and semantic gradation, while secondary data include classical works of bal?ghah, commentaries on hadith, legal theory, and contemporary hadith hermeneutics. The findings show that prophetic eloquence is not merely ornamental. It functions epistemically by clarifying conceptual relations, pedagogically by transforming abstract values into memorable images, and normatively by guiding the limits and direction of legal inference. Five hadith cases demonstrate that failure to distinguish literal meaning, intended meaning, context, and normative level may produce reductionist or overgeneralized rulings. The article proposes the Bay?n-Context-Istinb?? Model, consisting of source verification, lexical-syntactic mapping, rhetorical identification, pragmatic-contextual testing, normative classification, and maq??id-oriented control. This model contributes to hadith studies by integrating transmission, language, context, and legal reasoning in one operational framework. It also offers a methodological bridge between mu?addith?n, linguists, and jurists in interpreting Prophetic discourse responsibly.